Page 300 - Mechatronics for Safety, Security and Dependability in a New Era

Ch57-I044963.fm Page 284 Tuesday, August 1, 2006 4:10 PM
Ch57-I044963.fm
284
284 Page 284 Tuesday, August 1, 2006 4:10 PM
Model
Governance Repository p a "
Part B a
Repository
Activity(GA) Objectives
chnology
ROI Technology
Offer
TO_BE
Analysis &
Sales ↑ Costs ↓ Investments ↔ Management Design Act. Model &
Activity (MA) Techn-
Problem ology
AS_IS Model
Action & Technology
Means
Performance
System
Data
Factory
Satisfaction ↑ Waste ↓ Life ↔ Input Operations Output
Society (Research, Business, Engineering)
Society (Research, Business,
Engineering)
ROI
-
Part A
PI
System
Sales Costs Life
PI
pi i pi j pi k
I
pi.. pi.. pi.. pi..
…… …… …… ……
Figure 1: Linking one decision-object hierarchy to the EG AM
FACTORY GOVERNANCE
Figure 1 (part B) depicts any kind of operations (object system) and its relations to decision activities
and the environment. In the figure a high-level Petrinet notation is used, crossed circles (stores) denote
persistent data sets, and arcs from places to activities (or processes) liberally follow the control/ re-
source/ input/ output conventions of the generic activity model (GAM). The object system performs a
function in the environment, and (performance) objectives are expressed and evaluated for it. The envi-
ronment is the source of inputs and the sink (market) for the outputs. The model is called an Extended
Generic Activity Model (EGAM) because it also includes the reflective activities that influence the op-
erations. The governance activity expresses objectives for the object system, taking into consideration
relevant constraints (natural, social, etc.) that exist for the capital assets in the factory's environment.
The management activity monitors the operations and signals a problem if targets are not met. It will
call upon the analysis & design activity to analyse the problem of the object system, to create new de-
signs (TO_BE model & technology), and to compare performance. Governance and management activ-
ities decide about the implementation of a new design in the object system.
A Factory is a technical structure (part of the Artifactual Capital) with its operation prescriptions. With-
in an environment, and using social flows, this technical structure has allocated Natural Capital (space,
time, and material artifacts) to productive uses in such a way that the top-level objectives are achieved.
Usually this results in a cellular structure on top of which hierarchies are built for the aggregate reflec-
tive activities. Within the Factory, the Social Capital has been refined to meet the various top-level ob-
jectives that derive from the Factory's mission statement and from the Factory's embedding in society.
Each member of the work force (human capital) has a profile which reflects the various tasks the mem-
ber can perform with a performance that is consistent with the related objectives: production tasks,
roles in training, safety and health enhancement, disaster reduction, etc. An extended profile also in-
cludes the decision-object hierarchies that are related to the operational situations in which the person