Page 103 - Media Effects Advances in Theory and Research
P. 103
92 SHRUM
Berkowitz, L. (1970). Aggressive humors as a stimulus to aggressive responses. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 710–717.
Berkowitz, L. (1973). Words and symbols as stimuli to aggressive responses. In J. Knutson
(Ed.), Control of aggression: Implications from basic research (pp. 113–143). Chicago:
Aldine-Atherton.
Berkowitz, L. (1984). Some effects of thoughts on anti- and prosocial influences of media
events: A cognitive-neoassociation analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 410–427.
Brosius, H., & Bathelt, A. (1994). The utility of examples in persuasive communication.
Communication Research, 21, 48–78.
Bryant, J., Carveth, R. A., & Brown, D. (1981). Television viewing and anxiety: An experi-
mental investigation. Journal of Communication, 31(1), 106–119.
Bushman, B., & Geen, R. (1990). Role of cognitive-emotional mediators and individual
differences in the effects of media violence on aggression. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 58, 156–163.
Busselle, R. W. (2001). The role of exemplar accessibility in social reality judgments. Media
Psychology, 3, 43–67.
Busselle, R. W., & Shrum, L. J. (2000). Media exposure and exemplar accessibility. Unpub-
lished manuscript.
Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 42, 116–131.
Carlston, D. E., & Smith, E. R. (1996). Principles of mental representation. In E. T. Higgins
& A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 184–210).
New York: Guilford Press.
Carver, C., Ganellen, R., Froming, W., & Chambers, W. (1983). Modeling: An analysis in
terms of category accessibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 403–421.
Chaiken, S., Liberman, A., & Eagly, A. H. (1989). Heuristic and systematic processing
within and beyond the persuasion context. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unin-
tended thought (pp. 212–252). New York: Guilford Press.
Chaiken, S., & Maheswaran, D. (1994). Heuristic processing can bias systematic process-
ing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude
judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 460–473.
Chayefsky, P. (writer). (1976). Network [Film]. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic process-
ing. Psychological Review, 82, 407–428.
Doob, A., & Macdonald, G. (1979). Television viewing and fear of victimization: Is the
relationship causal? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 170–179.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to
theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Freedman, J. L. (1984). Effect of television violence on aggressiveness. Psychological Bul-
letin, 96, 227–246.
Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1980). The “mainstreaming” of
America: Violence profile no. 11. Journal of Communication, 30(3), 10–29.
Gibson, R., & Zillmann, D. (1994). Exaggerated versus representative exemplification in
news reports. Communication Research, 21, 603–624.
Hawkins, R. B., & Pingree, S. (1990). Divergent psychological processes in constructing
social reality from mass media content. In N. Signorielli & M. Morgan (Eds.), Cultiva-
tion analysis: New directions in media effects research (pp. 33–50). Newbury Park, CA:
Sage.
Henninger, M., & Wyer, R. S. (1976). The recognition and elimination of inconsistencies
among syllogistically related beliefs: Some new light on the “Socratic effect.” Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 680–693.