Page 10 - Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-Use

Contents vii

Chapter 4 System design aids
4.1 Computer-aided design for reverse osmosis plant 172
4.1.1 Introduction 172
4.1.2 Key elements of the reverse osmosis process 172
4.1.3 RO design software 176
4.1.4 Cost calculation 182
4.1.5 Overview 183
References 186
4.2 Water pinch analysis 186
4.2.1 Introduction 186
4.2.2 Water pinch: the history 187
4.2.3 Methodology 187
4.2.4 Computed solutions 191
4.2.5 Software tools currently available 197
4.2.6 Case study: water pinch and implementation
of regeneration techniques 201
4.2.7 Conclusion 209
References 209
4.3 Design examples 213
4.3.1 Problem in reverse osmosis: film theory and
energy demand 213
4.3.2 Problem in reverse osmosis: array design 216
4.3.3 Problem in reverse osmosis: CAD array design 217
4.3.4 Problem in electrodialysis: energy demand 220
4.3.5 Problem in submerged membrane filtration
design 223

Chapter 5 Case studies
5.1 Flag Fen high-purity water production plant (UK) 228
5.1.1 Background 228
5.1.2 Description ofplant 228
5.1.3 Performance 2 30
5.2 Eraring Power Station: purification of secondary
sewage for boiler feedwater (Australia) 232
5.2.1 Background 232
5.2.2 Description ofplant 233
5.2.3 Performance 235
5.3 Doswell combined cycle power plant: zero liquid
discharge (USA) 237
5.3.1 Background 237
5.3.2 Description of system 238
5.3.3 Performance 2 40
5.4 VHP Ugchelen: paper mill water recycling
(Netherlands) 241
5.4.1 Background 241
5.4.2 Description of system 242