Page 9 - Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-Use

vi Membranes for Industrial Wastewutrr Recovery and Re-use

Chapter 3 Industrial waters
3.1 The power industry: water requirements for power
generation and cooling water 76
3.1.1 Water demand by the power industry 76
3.1.2 Overview ofcooling water systems 77
3.1.3 Overview of boiler feedwater systems 80
3.1.4 Sources of water used for 80
3.1.5 Water quality comparisons 81
3.1.6 Optimisation of water use in recirculating
cooling systems 85
3.1.7 Cooling tower water quality issues 88
3.1.8 Governing legislation and guidelines 93
3.1.9 Volumes and quality of aqueous process
waste streams 94
3.1.10 Current reuse practices and opportunities 95
References 100
3.2 The pulp and paper industry 102
3.2.1 Introduction 102
3.2.2 Pulping and paper manufacturing processes 104
3.2.3 Effluent volumes and quality 106
3.2.4 Current water and effluent purification
systems and governing legislation 113
3.2.5 Membranes in the pulp and paper industry 115
3.2.6 Conclusions 125
Acknowledgements 125
References 125
3.3 The textile industry 132
3.3.1 Categories of textile processing operations 132
3.3.2 Effluents from textile processing unit
operations 133
3.3.3 Process water quality requirements 143
3.3.4 Legislation 144
3.3.5 Conventional treatment 146
3.3.6 Demand management 148
3.3.7 Reuse practice and opportunities 149
References 154
3.4 The beverage industry 159
3.4.1 Point of use recycling opportunities 159
3.4.2 End of pipe recovery opportunities 160
References 163
3.5 Pure waters in the pharmaceutical industry 163
3.5.1 Background 163
3.5.2 Water quality standards 164
3.5.3 Volumes and quality of aqueous process
and waste streams 167
3.5.4 Reuse opportunities 169