Page 248 - Modern Analytical Chemistry

1400-CH07 9/8/99 4:04 PM Page 231

Chapter 7 Obtaining and Preparing Samples for Analysis 231

Gy, P. M. Sampling of Heterogeneous and Dynamic Materials: Morrison, G. H.; Freiser, H. Solvent Extraction in Analytical
Theories of Heterogeneity, Sampling and Homogenizing. Elsevier: Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1957.
Amsterdam, 1992. Pawliszyn, J. Solid-Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice,
Gy, P. ed. Sampling for Analytical Purposes. Wiley: New York, 1998. Wiley: New York, 1997.
Karger, B. L.; Snyder, L. R.; Harvath, C. An Introduction to Smith, R.; James, G. V. The Sampling of Bulk Materials. Royal
Separation Science, Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1973. Society of Chemistry: London, 1981.
Kingston, H. M.; Haswell, S. J., eds. Microwave-Enhanced Sulcek, Z.; Povondra, P. Methods of Decomposition in Inorganic
Chemistry: Fundamentals, Sample Preparation, and Analysis. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1989.
Applications. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, Thurman, E. M.; Mills, M. S. Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles and
1997. Practice, Wiley: New York, 1998.
Majors, R. E.; Raynie, D. E. “Sample Preparation and Solid-Phase A web-site dedicated to sample preparation, which contains useful
Extraction,” LC•GC 1997, 15, 1106–1117. information about acid digestion and microwave digestion, is
Miller, J. M. Separation Methods in Chemical Analysis, Wiley- found at
Interscience: New York, 1975. http://www.sampleprep.duq.edu/sampleprep/

7 N REFERENCES

1. Youden, Y. J. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 1981, 50, 1007–1013. 15. Fresenius, C. R. A System of Instruction in Quantitative Chemical
2. Fricke, G. H.; Mischler, P. G.; Staffieri, F. P.; et al. Anal. Chem. 1987, Analysis. John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1881.
59, 1213–1217. 16. Jeannot, M. A.; Cantwell, F. F. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 235–239.
3. (a) Cohen, R. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1991, 68, 902–903; (b) Cohen, R. D. 17. Zhang, A.; Yang, M. J.; Pawliszyn, J. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66,
J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 200–203. 844A–853A.
4. Keith, L. H. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 610–617. 18. Renoe, B. W. Am. Lab. August 1994, 34–40.
5. Flatman, G. T.; Englund, E. J.; Yfantis, A. A. In Keith, L. H., ed. 19. McNally, M. E. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 308A–315A.
Principles of Environmental Sampling. American Chemical Society: 20. “TPH Extraction by SFE”, ISCO, Inc., Lincoln, NE, Revised Nov. 1992.
Washington, DC, 1988, 73–84.
21. “The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water by Liquid
6. Ingamells; C. O.; Switzer, P. Talanta 1973, 20, 547–568. Extraction”; US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental
7. Viseman, J. Mat. Res. Stds. 1969, 9(11), 8–13. Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, 9 Sept. 1977.
8. Blackwood, L. G. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 1366–1367. 22. Official Methods of Analysis, 11th ed., Association of Official Analytical
9. Duce, R. A.; Quinn, J. G.; Olney, C. E. et al. Science, 1972, 176, Chemists, Washington, DC, 1970, p. 475.
161–163. 23. Aguilar, C.; Borrull, F.; Marcé, R. M. LC•GC 1996, 14, 1048–1054.
10. Tanner, R. L. In Keith, L. H., ed. Principles of Environmental Sampling. 24. Corl, W. E. Spectroscopy 1991, 6(8), 40–43.
American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1988, 275–286. 25. Kratochvil, B.; Taylor, J. K. Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 924A–938A.
11. (a) Sandell, E. B. Colorimetric Determination of Traces of Metals, 26. Engels, J. C.; Ingamells, C. O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1970, 34,
Interscience Publishers: New York, 1950, pp. 19–20; (b) Sandell, E. B. 1007–1017.
Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 834–835.
27. Guy, R. D.; Ramaley, L.; Wentzell, P. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75,
12. Zubay, G. Biochemistry, 2nd ed. Macmillan: New York, 1988, p. 120. 1028–1033.
13. Meites, L. Handbook of Analytical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill: New York, 28. Maw, R.; Witry, L.; Emond, T. Spectroscopy 1994, 9, 39–41.
1963.
29. Simpson, S. L.; Apte, S. C.; Batley, G. E. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70,
14. Glavin, D. P.; Bada, J. L. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 3119–3122. 4202–4205.