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48 N. Russell and A. ter Hofstede
Stateful Reallocation corresponds to the situation where a resource chooses to
allocate a work item that they have already started (but not completed) executing
to another resource and to retain any associated state information, for example,
the user jsmith chooses to reallocate the conduct-audit task to user fbrown with
full retention of state such that any results from the partial execution of the task
are retained and it does not need to be restarted.
Stateless Reallocation corresponds to the situation where a resource chooses to
allocate a work item that they have already started (but not completed) executing
to another resource without retaining any associated state information, for exam-
ple, the user jsmith chooses to reallocate the quality-check task to user fbrown
without retaining any results from the partial execution of the task, thus requiring
that it commence execution from the start.
Suspension/Resumption corresponds to the ability of a resource to suspend and
resume execution of a work item, for example, user jsmith suspends execution of
the conduct-audit work item and switches their attention to other work priorities.
Skip corresponds to the ability of a resource to skip a work item allocated to it and
mark the work item as complete, for example, user jsmith skips the check-news
work item such that they can commence the next work item in the process.
Redo corresponds to the ability of a resource to redo a work item that has previ-
ously been completed in a case. This may necessitate that work items subsequent
to it (and hence dependent on its results) also be repeated, for example, user
jsmith repeats the enter order work item and all subsequent work items for the
current case.
Pre-Do corresponds to the ability of a resource to execute a work item in the cur-
rent case ahead of the time that it has been offered or allocated to any resources,
for example, user jsmith executes the finalize ticketing work item even though
preceding work items are not complete on the basis that they are sure that the
details recorded for earlier work items will not change.
The detour patterns provide various mechanisms for ensuring that a process delivers
acceptable outcomes even in the face of unanticipated resource variations or diffi-
culties. In a similar vein, the next set of patterns seek to expedite the execution of a
process.

Auto-Start Patterns

Auto-start patterns identify different ways of expediting process execution by
automating various aspects of work item handling. There are four such patterns.
Commencement on Creation corresponds to the ability of a resource to com-
mence execution on a work item as soon as it is created, for example, as soon
as an instance of the emergency-shutdown work item is created, allocate it to the
user jsmith in a started state.
Commencement on Allocation corresponds to the ability of a resource to com-
mence execution on a work item as soon as it is allocated to them, for example,