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THOUGHTFUL ROBOTS 101

1992 Brooks and his colleagues begin working on a new design for
planetary rovers
Mid-1990s Brooks develops the interactive learning robot Cog, who is
followed by Cynthia Breazeal’s “emotional” robot Kismet
2003 Brooks becomes head of the new Computer Science and
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT

Further Reading

Books
Brooks, Rodney. Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the
New AI. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.
A collection of Brooks’s early papers describing the development of his
approach to robotic design; includes both technical detail and wide-
ranging philosophical speculation.
———. Flesh and Machines: How Robots Will Change Us. New
York: Pantheon Books, 2002.
Brooks gives a vivid account of his research into computer vision and
creating robots with humanlike behavior, as well as his speculation
about the possible nature of living processes.
Articles
Brockman, John. “Beyond Computation: A Talk with Rodney
Brooks.” Edge, 2000. URL: http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/
brooks_beyond/beyond_index.html. Accessed on September 1,
2005.
Transcript of video interview with Rodney Brooks in which he discuss-
es the limitations of computation and traditional artificial intelligence
for understanding living processes.
———. “The Deep Question: A Talk with Rodney Brooks.” Edge 29
(November 19, 1997). Available online. URL: http://www.edge.
org/documents/archive/edge29.html. Accessed on September 9,
2005.
Transcript of video interview in which Brooks discusses the
relationship between biological and digital reality and the pos-
sible unknown aspect that makes living things different from our
machines.