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                           CONTENTS







            PREFACE                                                   ix

            ACKNOWLEDGMENTS                                          xiii
            INTRODUCTION                                              xv

             1    A NEW SCIENCE:
                 NORBERT WIENER AND CYBERNETICS                        1
                   Child Prodigy                                       2
                   Brilliant Mathematician                             4
                   Life at MIT                                         5
                   Stopping the Bombers                                6
                   I Was There: “Wiener Walks”                         7
                   Feedback                                            8
                   Computers and Controls                              8
                   Neural Networks                                    10
                   Toward a New Science                               11
                   Cybernetics                                        13
                   Cybernetics and Robotic Turtles                    14
                   The Boston Arm                                     15
                   Parallels: Applications of Cybernetics             16
                   Facing the Social Consequences                     17
                   Chronology                                         18
                   Further Reading                                    20

             2    REVOLUTIONIZING INDUSTRY:
                 JOSEPH ENGELBERGER AND UNIMATE                       22
                   Hands-on Experience                                22
                   Developing Industrial Robots                       23
                   Other Scientists: George Devol (1920–    )         25
                   Robots on the Assembly Line                        25
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