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CONTENTS
PREFACE ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii
INTRODUCTION xv
1 A NEW SCIENCE:
NORBERT WIENER AND CYBERNETICS 1
Child Prodigy 2
Brilliant Mathematician 4
Life at MIT 5
Stopping the Bombers 6
I Was There: “Wiener Walks” 7
Feedback 8
Computers and Controls 8
Neural Networks 10
Toward a New Science 11
Cybernetics 13
Cybernetics and Robotic Turtles 14
The Boston Arm 15
Parallels: Applications of Cybernetics 16
Facing the Social Consequences 17
Chronology 18
Further Reading 20
2 REVOLUTIONIZING INDUSTRY:
JOSEPH ENGELBERGER AND UNIMATE 22
Hands-on Experience 22
Developing Industrial Robots 23
Other Scientists: George Devol (1920– ) 25
Robots on the Assembly Line 25