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Figure 11.12 GC analysis of (a) urine sample spiked with opiates 3 g/ml) and (b) blank
urine sample. Peak identification is as follows: 1, dihydrocodeine; 2, codeine; 3, ethylmor-
phine; 4, morphine; 5, heroin. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 771,T.
Hyötyläinen et al., ‘Determination of morphine and its analogues in urine by on-line coupled
reversed-phase liquied chromatography–gas chromatography with on-line derivatization,’ pp.
360–365, copyright 1997, with permission from Elsevier Science.