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Forensic and Toxicological Applications 429

change is seen for the later-eluting components. As automated systems become more
common, on-line sample preparation systems of this type will see tremendous
growth as a forensic and toxicological analysis technique in the near future.

15.6 CONCLUSIONS

The applications of multidimensional chromatography presented here show that
such techniques provide great promise in the solution of the complex problems
involved in forensic and toxicological analysis. These include complex matrices
such as urine, blood and natural products, and difficult analytes such as drugs, aro-
mas and natural products. When compared to environmental analysis, forensic and
toxicological analysis using multidimensional chromatography has received rela-
tively little attention, although the possibilities are many and the potential is bright.
The environmental and pharmaceutical methods described in this present chapter
could be readily adapted to forensic problems. In particular, multidimensional chro-
matography offers the forensic scientist high resolution, high sensitivity and short
analysis times.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author gratefully acknowledges the influential work of Professor John Phillips,
which has touched nearly all areas of multidimensional gas chromatography.

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