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132 New Trends in Eco-efficient and Recycled Concrete

Table 5.9 Mineralogical composition of SSA compared to those found in the literature

(Other SSA )
SSA (Cyr et al., (Q), (G), (W), micas, and amorphous material
2007)
Other SSA Monzo ´ et al. (1999b) (Q), (C) (Ma), (A), calcium
phosphates (HAP, CPH)
Roland (2002) (Q), (C) (H), (W),
Dyer et al. (2001) (Q), (H) (P), (Mu), and amorphous
material
Fontes et al. (2004) (Q), (O), (Mu), and amorphous
material
Cheeseman and Virdi (2005) (Q), (H) (W)
Anderson et al. (2002) (Q), (C), (H), (A) and amorphous
material
(A) Anhydrite -γ-CaSO 4 ; (C) Calcite CaCO 3 ; (CPH) calcium phosphate hydrate-
Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .xH 2 O; (G) Gypsum- CaSO 4 2H 2 O; (H) Haematite-Fe 2 O 3 ; (HAP)
Hydroxylapatite-Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH); (Mu) Mica Moscovite-KAl 2 (Si 3 Al)O 10 (OH) 2 ¸(O)
Ortoclase-KAlSi 3 O 8 ; (Q) Quartz-SiO 2 ; (W) Whitlockite-β-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .
SSA, Sewage sludge ash
Adapted from Cyr, M., Coutand, M., Clastres, P., 2007. Technological and environmental behavior of sewage sludge
ash (SSA) in cement-based Materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 37, 1278 1289, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cemconres.2007.04.003.

Table 5.10 Chemical composition and physical properties of SSA

Chemical composition (%) Physical properties

SiO 2 35.8 pH 7.2
3
Al 2 O 3 11.2 Specific gravity (g/cm ) 2.43
3
Fe 2 O 3 16.9 Loose bulk density (kg/cm ) 700
2
CaO 12.9 BET surface area (m /g) 6.4
MgO 1.9 Mean particle size (μm) 140.8
SO 3 3.1 d 10 13.5
P 2 O 5 11.9 d 50 106.8
K 2 O 1.5 d 90 314.4
Na 2 O 0.2
1.0
TiO 2
LOI 0.8
SSA, Sewage sludge ash.
Adapted from Donatello, S., Freeman-Pask, A., Tyrer, M., Cheeseman, C.R., 2010a. Effect of milling and acid
washing on the pozzolanic activity of incinerator sewage sludge ash. Cem. Concr. Compos. 32, 54 61. Available
from doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.09.002.; Donatello, S., Tyrer, M., Cheeseman, C.R., 2010b. Comparison of
test methods to assess pozzolanic activity. Cem. Concr. Compos. 32, 121 127. Available from: https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.10.008.