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A Murder of Doves                                       127

                              ‘creation’,  rather  than  abandoned  and  left  to  find  his  own  way  in  the
                              world,  operates  almost  exclusively  according  to  his  creator’s  desires.  In
                              this sense, Ichi, like the masochistic Kakihara who spends the duration of
                              the film searching for a person to dominate him as his former boss, Anjo,
                              once did, is a profoundly ‘rootless individual’ (228). Consistently unable
                              to  achieve  the  personal  fulfillment  they  desire,  Ichi  and  Kakihara
                              contribute to a discourse of alienation recurrent throughout contemporary
                              Japanese  horror  cinema,  especially  those  texts  informed  by  ijime  and
                              ‘dove style violence’.
                                     As  Kakihara  beholds  the  gruesome  carnage  Ichi  leaves  in  his
                              wake, he envisions Ichi as both a threat to his role as a rising force within
                              the Japanese criminal community, and as a possibly ideal replacement for
                              Anjo.  In  other  words,  as  a  ruthless  and  seemingly  remorseless
                              assassin/sadist who leaves a gory collage of disarticulated yakuza bodies
                              in his wake, Ichi appeals to Kakihara in that he seems the ideal  figure to
                              satisfy  Kakihara’s  masochistic  desires.  This  allure,  however,  is
                              misguided. As Gilles Deleuze notes in Coldness and Cruelty, sadism and
                              masochism  derive  from  two  very  different  impulses.  ‘In  every  respect’,
                              Deleuze  explains,  ‘the  sadistic  “instructor”  stands  in  contrast  to  the
                              masochistic  “educator”’  because  while  ‘the  sadist  thinks  in  terms  of
                              institutionalized possession, the masochist in terms of contracted alliance’
                              (1991: 20).

                                …a  genuine  sadist  could  never  tolerate  a  masochistic  victim…neither  would
                                the  masochist  tolerate  a  truly  sadistic  torturer.  He  does  of  course  require  a
                                special  “nature”  in  the…torturer,  but  he needs to mold  this  nature, to  educate
                                and  persuade  it  in  accordance  with  his  special  project…Each  subject  in  the
                                perversion  (sic)  only  needs  the  “element”  of  the  same  perversion  and  not  a
                                subject of the other perversion. Whenever the type of…torturer is observed in
                                the masochistic setting, it becomes obvious that she is neither a genuine sadist
                                nor  a  pseudosadist  but  something  quite  different.  She  does  indeed  belong
                                essentially to masochism, but without realizing it as a subject…The subject of
                                masochism needs a certain “essence” of masochism embodied in the nature of
                                a woman who renounces  her own  subjective masochism;  he definitely has  no
                                need of another subject, i.e., the sadistic subject.  (41-2)

                              Like  the  bully,  or  the  various  social  congregations  –  from  high  school
                              students to yakuza – that frequently comprise cinematic representations of
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