Page 309 - Optical Switching And Networking Handbook

14_200023_Index 1/17/01 10:09 AM Page 294

294 Index

cladding, 12 refractive index, 45
costs, 122 signal loss, 37
demodulators, 34 single mode, 6, 12, 19, 38, 42–43
demultiplexers, 6 SONET development, 55
detectors, 34 standards, 56
developmental timeline, 10 submarine cabling, 13
diameters, 49 TDM, 6
directional transmission, 52 tensile strength, 49
dispersion, 36 total internal reflection, 9, 14
dopants, 121 transmitters, 6
forms of cable, 38 types, 37
growth in fiber-based systems, 22 usage example, 20–21
growth rates by wavelength, 32 VDSL, 16
HFC (Hybrid Fiber and Coaxial), 16 water damage, 50
impediments to use, 28 waveguides, 11
increases in capacity, 160, 250 WDM, 7
installation risks, 49–50 filtration, DWDM, 121
lasers, 4, 33 flexibility of DWDM, 207
improvements in fiber loss, 12 floating payloads, STS-1 frames, 67
LEDs, 6, 33 FM (Frequency Modulation), 51
light sources, 46 formats, SONET frames, 64
misconceptions, 17–18 forms of fiberoptics, 38
modal dispersion, 5 Frame Relay, bandwidth speeds, 108
modems, 3 frames
modulators, 3, 33 SDH, 89, 97
multimode, 5, 19 SONET, 64
multimode grade index, 40 STS-1, 67
multimode stepped index, 38 free space optics, 256–258, 261, 264
multiplexing, 6, 106 frequency spectrum, signal transmission, 34
See also multiplexing. frequency windows, wavelengths, 37
noise, 36 FSK (Frequency-Shift Keying), 51
nonzero-dispersion fiber, 111 future of optical networks, 241–242, 245
optical amplifiers, 13 changes to packet switching
overview of function, 14 technologies, 250
physical damage, 49 DWDM, 247–248
polarization, 36 infrastructure changes, 239–240
reasons for use, 13–14 migration from SONET to optical
receivers, 6 switching, 246
red band wavelength, 111 QoS, 253–254