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Index 299

RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating point-to-point connections, 190
Companies), fiberoptics usage, 23 ring connections, 194–195
reasons for fiberoptic use, 13–14 WANs, 211
receivers, 6 integration with SONET, 100
red band wavelengths, fiberoptics, 111 major vendors, 156
reflection, total internal, 39 MSOH (multiplexer overhead), 102
refraction multiplexing, 89–91
multimode graded index fiberoptics, 40 AUGs, 93
refractive indices, 45 rates and payloads, 94
dopants, 37 VCs, 94
rewiring with fiberoptic example, 28–29 NNI (Network Node Interface), 88
RF free space optics, 256–258, 261, 264 OSI model, 102
ring configurations RSOH (Repeater Section OverHead), 102
high-speed applications, 194–195 STM-1 frames, 86, 89
optical switching interconnections, 134 nesting VCs, 97
SONET multiplexing, 78 path overhead, 90
risks during fiberoptic install, 49 section overhead, 97
RSOH (Repeater Section OverHead), throughput, 87
SDH, 102 topologies, high-speed applications, 190
transmission rates, 87
transport modes, 90
S TUs (Tributary Units), 91
UNI (User to Network Interface), 89
SANs (Storage-Area Networks), optical VCs (Virtual Containers), 90
switching, 131 mapping to tributary unit levels, 91
scalability nesting, 97
DWDM, 163 pointers, 96
MEMS, 144 section overhead, STM-1 frames, 97
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy), sections, SONET, 68
55, 82 signal loss, 37
advantages over SONET, 100 signal separation. See filtration.
APS (Automatic Protection Switching), 101 signal transmission
AUs (Administrative Units), 91 frequencies, 34
component vendors, 157 impairments to transmission, 35
differences from SONET, 88 plesiochronous, 61
high-speed applications standards, 54
add-drop multiplexing, 188 silicon dioxide, 38
hub and spoke connections, 193 single fiber transmission, 52
Internet connections, 196–197 single mode fiberoptics, 6, 12, 19, 38, 42–43
point-to-multipoint connections, 193 size issues, optical switching, 130