Page 315 - Optical Switching And Networking Handbook
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300 Index
smearing, 36 section overhead, 68
SMT (Spatial Mode Transformation), 217 SPE (Synchronous Payload Envelope), 66
SONET (Synchronous Optical NETworking), STS (Synchronous Transport Signal), 55
28, 54 STS-1 (Synchronous Transport Signal
ADMs (Add-Drop Multiplexers), 77 level 1), 62, 66–67
advantages of standard, 55 synchronous multiplexing, 63
BITS (Building-Integrated Timing synchronous transmission, 58
System), 63 topologies, 76
clocking systems, 60, 63 high-speed applications, 190
component vendors, 157 transport overhead, 64
development, 55 VT 1.5 signals, 70–71
differences fron SDH, 88 VTs (Virtual Tributaries), 70
frames, 64 SPE (Synchronous Payload Envelope),
high-speed applications SONET, 66
add-drop multiplexing, 188 spectrum of light, 34
hub and spoke connections, 193 speed rates, digital hierarchy, 85
Internet connections, 196–197 standards
point-to-multipoint connections, 193 fiberoptics 56
point-to-point connections, 190 SONET/SDH, 55, 155
ring connections, 194–195 steered beam configuration, MEMS, 145
WANs, 211 step index fiberoptics, 39
hub and spoke multiplexing, 78 STM-1 frames (Synchronous Transmission
increasing spending costs, 161 Module), SDH, 89
integration with SDH, 100 multiplexing rates, 86
interleaving signals, 73 nesting VCs, 97
line overhead, 65, 68–69 path overhead, 90
line rates, 62 section overhead, 97
major vendors, 156 STS (Synchronous Transport Signal),
migration to optical switching, 246 SONET, 55
multiplexing STS-1 (Synchronous Transport Signal level
add-drop, 75 1), SONET, 62
concatenation, 71–73 frames, 67
OAM&P services, 64 payload, 66
OC-1, 72 submarine fiberoptic cabling, 13
OCs (Optical Carriers), 55 synchronous communications, 84
overhead, 64, 68–69 synchronous multiplexing, SONET, 63
path overhead, 66–72 synchronous transmission
point-to-multipoint multiplexing, 77 DS-1, 58
point-to-point multiplexing, 77 primary reference clock, 60
ring multiplexing, 78 SONET, 58
