Page 263 - Partition & Adsorption of Organic Contaminants in Environmental Systems

INDEX 255

Polar groups, 65 definition and formation, 106
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) composition, 106
absorption by barley of, Table 8.2 as dual sorbent, 109
absorption by underwater plants of, contaminated by excess PCB oil, 147,
230 Table 7.9
bioconcentration into fish of, 80 samples from wide sources, Table 7.3
limiting partition in SOM of, Table 7.2 Soil organic matter, see SOM
S w, K hw, K ow, and K tw, Tables 5.1, 5.2, Soil sorption, from vapor phase, 200
and 5.5 influence of soil water and humidity, 203,
S w enhancement by DOM of, 170, Fig. 7.42, Figs. 7.44 to 7.46
Table 7.15, Figs. 7.29 and 7.31 Soil sorption, from water solution, see
soil K om values, Tables 7.2 and 7.4 Soil–water distribution
soil sorption from hexane of, 194, Soil-to-bed sediment transformation, 131
Fig. 7.37 Soil water content
soil sorption from water of, impact of effect on pesticide toxicity over soil, 213,
surfactant and microemulsion, 186, Table 7.22
Figs. 7.34 and 7.35 effect on soil sorption from hexane, 194,
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, see 196, Figs. 7.38 to 7.40
Dibenzo-p-dioxins effect on soil sorption of vapors, 201
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) effect on vapor density over soil, 203,
melting-point effect on S w of, 58 Fig. 7.42
molecular properties of, Table 7.7 Soil–water distribution, see also SOM–water
S w and K ow , Tables 5.1 and 5.5 partition coefficient
S w enhancement by surfactants, 179 background, 107
soil/sediment sorption of, 138, 160, Tables general characteristics, 112
7.2, 7.4, 7.6, and 7.8 dependence on SOM content, 108
solubility in triolein of, Table 5.4 equilibrium heat, 115
solubility parameters of, Table 2.2 isotherm shape, 112, 149, Fig. 7.1
Pore size, classification, 90 limiting capacity with SOM, 119,
Pyrene, see also Polycyclic aromatic Table 7.2
hydrocarbons (PAHs) K oc values for nonpolar contaminants, 145
melting-point effect on S w,57 single vs binary solutes, 121, 151–165, Fig.
molecular properties, Table 7.7 7.7, Figs. 7.16 to 7.21, Figs. 7.23, 7.25,
S w enhancement by DOM of, 177 and 7.26
S w enhancement by surfactants of, 179 Solubility, see also Water solubility
sorption to soil and sediment of, 138, models, 14, 19
Table 7.8 solid and supercooled liquid, Fig. 2.2
values in lipid triolein, 68, Table 5.4
Raoult’s law, theory, 14 values in SOM, 119, 201, Tables 7.2 and
for heptane–water mixtures, 59 7.21, Fig. 7.41
for octanol–water mixtures, 54 values in water, Tables 5.1, 5.3, and 5.5
graphic illustration, Figs. 2.1 and 2.2 Solubility parameter (d), definition, 29
limitation, 20, 69, 72 relation to contaminant partition to SOM,
Reference state, for substances, 10 143
Relative humidity, see Humidity values, Table 2.2, and Table 7.21
Reversible process, 3 Solution theory, 14. See also Activity
coefficient
S w , see Water solubility Raoult’s law, 14
Second law, thermodynamics, 3 Henry’s law, 18
Silica Flory–Huggins model, 19
adsorption of benzene and water vapors Solvent–water partition, 31. See also
on, Fig. 6.7 Butanol–water; Heptane–water;
BET surface area of, Table 6.1 Octanol–water; Triolein–water
Soil, see also Bed sediment partition coefficient