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Contents

Preface ....................................................................................................... vii

Contents .....................................................................................................xi

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Symbols and Abbreviations ................................................................. xvll

1 Basic Notions ..................................................................................... 1

1 . 1 Object Recognition ....................................................................... 1
1.2 Pattern Similarity and PR Tasks ................................................... 2
1.2.1 Classification Tasks ......................................................... 3
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1 2.2 Regression Tasks ........................................................ 6
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1 2.3 Description Tasks ............................................................ 8
1.3 Classes, Patterns and Features ................................................... 9
1.4 PRApproaches .......................................................................... 13
1.4.1 Data Clustering .............................................................. 14
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1 4.2 Statistical Classification ................................................. 14
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1 4.3 Neural Networks ............................................................ 15
1.4.4 Structural PR ................................................................. 16
1.5 PR Project .................................................................................. 16
1 5.1 Project Tasks ................................................................. 16
1 5.2 Training and Testing .................................................. 18
1.5.3 PR Software .................................................................. 18
Bibliography ............................................................................................ 20

2 Pattern Discrimination ....................................................................... 21

2.1 Decision Regions and Functions ................................................ 21
2.1 . 1 Generalized Decision Functions ................................... 23
2.1.2 Hyperplane Separability ................................................ 26
29
2.2 Feature Space Metrics ...............................................................
2.3 The Covariance Matrix ............................................................... 33