Page 13 - Petroleum Geology
P. 13
XI1
The Cyclo-Alkane Series ...................................... 74
The Aromatic Series ......................................... 74
Water .................................................. 76
Generation of petroleum ...................................... 78
Migration of petroleum ....................................... 80
Entrapment of petroleum ..................................... 81
Geophysics ................................................. 85
Seismic stratigraphy .......... : .............................. 89
References ................................................. 93
CHAPTER 5 . DRILLING ....................................... 95
Introduction ................................................ 95
Cable-tool drilling ............................................ 95
Rotary drilling .............................................. 99
Deviated or directional drilling .................................. 103
References ................................................. 105
CHAPTER 6 . THE LOGGING OF BOREHOLES ....................... 107
Summary .................................................. 107
General ................................................... 107
Principles of electrical logging .................................... 110
Resistivity ............................................... 110
Spontaneous potential (sp) log ................................. 125
Radioactivity logs .......................................... 127
Soniclog ................................................ 130
Dipmeter ................................................ 132
Temperature ................................................ 133
References ................................................. 136
CHAPTER 7 . THE NATURE OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS ................. 139
Summary .................................................. 139
Giant oil fields .............................................. 142
Zipf'slaw ................................................ 143
The oil-rich countries .......................................... 149
References ................................................. 153
CHAPTER 8 . THE NATURE OF PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS .............. 155
Summary .................................................. 155
Water saturation ........................................... 156
Pre~ures ................................................ 161
Permeability and relative permeability ............................. 161
Mechanics of production ...................................... 169
Secondary recovery ......................................... 176
References ................................................. 177
CHAPTER 9 . ORIGIN AND MIGRATION OF PETROLEUM: GEOLOGICAL
AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS ................................... 179
Summary .................................................. 179
