Page 38 - Pipelines and Risers

12 Chapter I

HOOP STRESS
Sh = (PI - POID
2t

Sec St 0.3 Sh
LONGITUDINAL STRESS ----- -b+-
--
SI = 0.3Sh + Sb i- +- Sec
St
- f- --L

-Sb
END
4-- UNSUPPOFITED -
CAP THERMAL HOOP BENDING
STRESS STRESS STRESS STRESS
SPAN ANALYSIS
LONGlTUDlN&LOADS LENGTH

VORTEX SHEDDING A
CROSS CURRENT WILL
GENERATE ALTERNAllNQ LOADS
ON PIPE-RESULTING VIBRATION
OF PIPE

Figure 1.4 Flowline stresses and vortex shedding.