Page 12 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

Contents xi

15.3 Nanocatalysts for oxidation of pollutants 410
15.4 Nanomembrane combined with biodegradable
poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) 412
15.5 Nanofiltration membrane bioreactor 413
15.6 Nanofiltration with forward osmosis 414
15.7 Nanomembrane prepared from coating γ-alumina and titania
nanocrystallites 415
15.8 Nanoporous membrane filtration 418
15.9 Nanostructured polymer-based membrane 424
15.10 Sodium titanate nanobelt membrane (Na-TNB) 426
15.11 Integrated CNT polymer composite membrane with polyvinyl
alcohol layer 427
15.12 ZrO 2 microfiltration membrane 428
15.13 Conclusion 430
References 431

16 Interplay of polymer bionanocomposites and significance of
ionic liquids for heavy metal removal 441
M.A. Usmani, I. Khan, U. Gazal, M.K. Mohamad Haafiz, A.H. Bhat
16.1 Introduction 441
16.2 Preparations of bionanocomposites 445
16.3 Preparations of surface modified bionanocomposites 446
16.4 Characterization techniques 447
16.5 Bionanocomposites for heavy metal removal 449
16.6 Removal of heavy metals using ILs 457
16.7 Conclusion 457
References 458

17 Polypyrrole-based nanocomposite adsorbents and its application
in removal of radioactive materials 465
M.A. Olatunji, M.U. Khandaker, M. Ladan, D.A. Bradley
17.1 Introduction 465
17.2 Conducting polymer-polypyrrole 466
17.3 Synthesis of polypyrrole 467
17.4 Chemical polymerization of pyrrole 467
17.5 Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole 468
17.6 Difference between the chemical and electrochemical
polymerization methods 470
17.7 Fabrication of polypyrrole-based nanocomposites 471
17.8 Characterization of polypyrrole-based nanocomposite adsorbents 474
17.9 Application of polypyrrole and polypyrrole-based
nanocomposites for uptake of radiocations 475
17.10 Adsorption by polypyrrle-surfactants/metal oxide nanoparticle
adsorbents 476
17.11 Adsorption by polypyrrole-zeolite/clay nanocomposite adsorbents 478