Page 147 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

122 Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

Table 4.2 Exclusive applications of graphene
Applications Graphene form Advantages

Clean and safe hydrogen Graphene doped with Clean, safe, and lower in cost
production without cobalt or nitrogen catalyst hydrogen as compared with
platinum-based catalyst platinum-based catalysts
from water
Display screens in mobile Graphene as a substitute of Lessens the cost and excludes
devices of lower costs indium the use of metals in the
organic light-emitting diodes
(OLED)
Faster chargeable Graphene on the surface of Graphene anode battery gets
lithium-ion batteries the anode surface recharged in a much shorter
time than with conventional
lithium-ion batteries
Graphene ultracapacitors Graphene sheets Ultracapacitors recharged in
with better performance minutes instead of hours and
than batteries possess comparable energy
storage capacity with LIBs
Storing hydrogen for Graphene layer Lighter weight hydrogen fuel
fuel-cell-powered cars tank for cars
Low-cost water Graphene with holes Sea-water desalination at a
desalination lower cost than the reverse
osmosis techniques
Chemical sensors Graphene sheets foams Low levels of vapors from
effective at detecting chemicals, such as ammonia,
explosives can be easily detected
Sensors to diagnose Combination of graphene, Highly sensitive for
diseases strands of DNA, and particular disease in a sample
fluorescent molecules
Lower cost solar cells Graphene as electrodes, Graphene solar cells that
buckyballs, and CNTs to consist of only carbon are
absorb light and generate relatively cheaper and
electrons minimize the complicated
manufacturing technique
Membranes for more Graphene sheets with Effective gas separation
efficient separation of nanoscale pores through minimal energy than
gases thicker membranes

4.10 Conclusion

Graphene acknowledged worldwide attention due to its unique 2-D crystal lattice with
remarkable striking properties and manufacturing methods. Several attempts
were made to manufacture pristine graphene; however, manufacture from graphene
derivatives is relatively cheaper on industrial/large scale with relative to graphite
exfoliation or RGO that are highly expensive. Two-dimensional graphene