Page 205 - Primer on Enhanced Oil Recovery

Temperature ( F) NC NC NC NC .200 r 80 .200 r 140 .100 s 135 NC NC

Depth (ft) .6000 .4000 .2500 .1800 .9000 r 3250 ,9000 , 11,500 r 3500 4500 r , 1500 . 3:1 overburden to sand ratio

Reservoir characteristics Average Net thickness permeability (md) NC Thin unless dipping NC Thin unless dipping NC Wide range NC NC if dipping and/or good vertical permeability .10 s 450 s .10 s 800 s a .50 b . 200 s 2540 s c NC

Formation type (ft) Sandstone or carbonate Sandstone or carbonate Sandstone or carbonate NC NC Sandstone preferred NC Sandstone preferred .10 High-porosity sand/ sandstone .20 High-porosity sand/ sandstone .10 d Mineable tar sand

saturation (% PV) .40 s 75 s .30 s 80 s .20 s 55 s .35 s 70 s .35 s 53 s .50 s 80 s .50 s 72 s .40 s 66 s .8 wt%
Oil sand

Composition High percent of C 1 to C 7 High percent of C 2 to C 7 High percent of C 5 to C 12 NC Light, intermediate, some organic acids for alkaline floods NC Some asphaltic components NC NC

methods. Oil properties Viscosity (cp) ,0.4 r 0.2 r ,3 r 0.5 r ,10 r 1.5 r ,600 ,35 r 13 r ,150, .10 ,5000 1200 ,200,000 4700 Zero cold flow

EOR k k

for .10 s 16 !?
criteria Gravity ( API) .35 s 48 s .23 s 41 s .22 s 36 s .12 .20 s 35 s .15 .8 13.5 !? 7 11 Underlined values represent the approximate mean or average for current field projects. a .3 md from some carbonate reservoirs if the intent is to sweep only the fracture system.

Screening method Nitrogen and flue gas Hydrocarbon Immiscible gases Micellar/ polymer, ASP, and alkaline flooding Polymer flooding Combustion Surface mining

16.1 EOR Gas injection methods (miscible) CO 2 Waterflooding (enhanced) Thermal/mechanical Steam b Transmissibility .20 md-ft/cp. c Transmissibility .50 md-ft/cp.
Table 1 2 3 1 3 4 5 6 7 — NC 5 not critical. d See depth.