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xiv CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4. CATALYTIC MATERIALS: WHAT THEY ARE
4.1. Types of Catalytic Materials 49
4.2. Metals ....... . 50
4.3. Semiconductors ... . 63
4.4. Insulators and Solid Acids 69
4.5. Concluding Remarks 82
CHAPTER 5. DESIGN OF CATALYSTS: HOW TO INVENT
THEM
5.1. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.2. Example-Oxidation of Methane to Formaldehyde 85
5.3. Computer Aids . . . 92
5.4. Some Final Thoughts 92
CHAPTER 6. CATALYST PREPARATION: HOW THEY ARE
MADE
6.1. Introduction 95
6.2. Single Active Components and Supports 95
6.3. Dual Oxides 106
6.4. Deposition of the Active Components 108
6.5. Extraction 120
6.6. Special Types 122
6.7. Commercial Manufacture of Catalysts 123
6.8. Catalyst Forming 127
6.9. Mechanical Strength 131
6.10. Legal Responsibilities 133
6.11. Some Final Thoughts 134
CHAPTER 7. CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION: HOW
THEY ARE TESTED
7.1. Preliminary Remarks 135
7.2. Bulk Properties . 136
7.3. Particle Properties 140
7.4. Surface Properties 157
7.5. Activity .... 171
7.6. Some Final Thoughts 183
