Page 397 - Reciprocating Compressors Operation Maintenance
P. 397
382; Reciprocating Compressors: Operation and Maintenance
These effects appear to be interrelated, for example, an operating tem-
perature that is satisfactory with the correct amount of oil may cause car-
bon deposition if excess oil is used.
The mechanism by which the fuel in air compressor fires is ignited is
not definitely known. However, a factor common to all theories of igni-
tion is excessive temperature, which may involve either the gas itself or a
localized condition resulting from mechanical friction. High temperature
is also important because it promotes deposition of carbon in the com-
pressor system,
Excessive temperatures are generally caused by valve or cooling water
failure or by operation at unusually high compression ratios. High oper-
ating speeds combined with an ineffective jacket also promote high
cylinder temperatures.
To minimize the risk of fires in reciprocating air compressors, the fol-
lowing precautions are suggested:
1. Limit operating temperature to 350°F.
2. Provide temperature recorders or high temperature alarms in dis-
charge.
3. Use the minimum amount of lubricating oil that will lubricate cylin-
ders satisfactorily. Use the least viscous oil that will satisfy operat-
ing conditions. Strongly consider diester-based synthetic lubricant
(not feasible with certain types of plastic pipe).
4. Train operators to detect faulty valves and have repairs made
promptly.
5. Take inlet air from a cool, clean location. Provide adequate air fil-
ters (preferably of a dry type) and service at regular intervals.
6. Provide adequate intercoolers to maintain interstage suction temper-
atures at lowest practical level. Keep intercoolers and cylinder jack-
ets free of deposits.
7. Inspect discharge piping, reservoirs, cylinders, etc., regularly.
Remove all carbonaceous deposits and oil accumulations.
8. Check valves on a regular basis.
SUMMARY
Safety should always be paramount in operation and maintenance. The
following are basic rules.