Page 334 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

304 Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Figure 14.1 Biomass pretreatment process (Mood et al., 2013).
oxidative agent that attacks the lignin component of the biomass with minimal
impact on cellulose and hemicellulose. The ozone preferably attacks lignin com-
pared to carbohydrates because of lignin electron-rich characteristics. This pretreat-
ment method displays many advantages as shown in Table 14.1 (Travaini et al.,
2016c). Many types of agroindustry waste, such as cereal straw (Garcı ´a-Cubero
et al., 2012), wood pulp and wood chips (Greenwood and Haske, 1965), cotton stalk
(Kaur et al., 2012), grass (Panneerselvam et al., 2013), newsprint and magazine
pulps (Travaini et al., 2016c) or sugarcane bagasse (Adarme et al., 2017), among
others, have been studied for their behavior and component using ozone pretreat-
ment process and yielded promising results.
The industrial application of ozonated products can be widely spread since there
are a lot of research findings on the effectiveness of ozonated biomass in enhancing
product efficiency. Ozone-pretreated biomass has been tested in the production of
biofuel via pyrolysis process for biohydrogen production (Wulf and Kaltschmitt,
2013), fermentation process for bioethanol production (Salehian and Karimi, 2013),
and anaerobic digestion process for methane production (Adarme et al., 2017). Other
than that, the ozonated biomass has also been used in wastewater treatment plant (Oz
et al., 2018). Therefore the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source could
be promoted by adopting this ozone pretreatment method for industrial applications.
Although a lot of research has been done, the full-scale development of biomass
ozone pretreatment has not been established due to several problems, namely, the
amount of ozone consumption and the cost of ozone generation. Technological
advances have contributed a reduction in ozone production costs by at least 30%
with an estimated 1.65 MJ of energy consumed for every 100 g of ozone gas