Page 432 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Food industry waste biorefineries: 17

future energy, valuable recovery,
and waste treatment

Ankush, Khushboo and Kashyap Kumar Dubey
Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University
of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India

17.1 Introduction

The population is growing at a very fast rate, which indirectly increases the demand
of energy, chemicals, food, and other important things required for survival. The
increasing demand of the society is pushing the researchers to introduce novel tech-
niques with low adverse effect on the environment. An alternative feedstock of
renewable raw materials over the fossil-based raw material admires the scientists to
create the concept of biorefinery. The process of biorefinery provides better output
of the energy, chemicals, and other materials as compared to the conventional
methods of refinery. Biomass and waste materials are utilized as raw materials by a
series of sustainable technologies to produce valuable products with high economy
(Gude and Martinez-Guerra, 2017). The paradigm of biorefinery defines the great
hub of scientists from various field of science, such as biochemistry, biology, eco-
nomics, environmental sciences, and chemical engineering to invent a bio-based
framework to utilize renewable resources. Generally, food crops are consumed as
basic material for the production of biofuels and other materials which point out
various deficiencies and issues for their utilization in a bioeconomy (Cherubini,
2010; Luque et al., 2008). Introduction of a well-managed and integrated approach
is in demand which utilizes by-products, waste, and other residues as raw materials
to achieve the goal of high production ratio to the feedstock.
At present, waste is a major issue of concern at global level, especially in the
developing countries. There could be different types of waste based on origin, such
as industrial, agricultural, and solid waste. The food-processing companies are
responsible for 50% production of the total waste produced in countries which
could be considered as preconsumer type of waste having 60% of the organic mat-
ter. According to McKinsey Global Institute report, food waste holds third rank
among the 15 recognized resources for the production of economically beneficial
products (Dobbs et al., 2011). However, in many cases the food wastes are used for
landfilling, composting, animal feed, or as organic matter. But the present scenario
of our society demands the introduction of advanced processes for the conversion
of food waste in high value and commercial products to attain maximum profit
Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818996-2.00017-X
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