Page 435 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

394 Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Disposal landfill
Energy recovery
Recycling Environmental impact
composting
Processing for
reuse
valorization

Prevention

Figure 17.1 Waste processing hierarchy.

standardized the parameters for the manufacture and commercialization of new che-
micals in EU. The Regulation, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of
Chemicals (REACH) Legislation instructs the producer for the registration of toxic
chemical in case its production crosses the limit of 1 ton per year. REACH may put
barrier on the new chemicals synthesis under the consideration of data assessing
about hazard and risk associated with food waste. Approval of the novel products
that are synthesized by food waste as a resource is the major problem in the com-
mercialization of the synthesizing process for small-scale producers (Council of the
European Union, 2006)(Fig. 17.1).
There is no direct definition or explanation about the valorization process of
food waste in WFD. Bioeconomy is a novel concept which is recently invented by
the European Commission to point out the possible approaches related to the utili-
zation of renewable biological material to produce ecological and economically
beneficial products along with bioenergy. Investment in the area of research to pro-
mote unique ideas and skills, supportive and facilitating polices for the interaction
and stockholders agreement, and improvement in the marketing of the product are
the chief supportive pillars of bioeconomy. The main target of the EC is to utilize
the concept of bioeconomy to solve the problems responsible for the depletion of
natural resources and their adverse effect on the environment along with food scar-
city (European Commission, 2009; Ravindran and Jaiswal, 2016).

17.5 Concept of biorefinery

The animals and plants are the original sources of the food for human population.
On that basis, food waste can be of two types, that is, plant-derived waste and
animal-derived food waste with subcategories, including fruits, vegetables, oil
crops, dairy products, seafood, etc. (Galanakis, 2012). 63% of the food waste is
represented by plant-derived waste as compared to animal-derived waste