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According to FSI 2017 reports, Australia is the largest producer of food waste
per capita (361 kg) followed by the United States (287 kg) and Sweden (200 kg).
Greece and China are the lowest producers of waste per capita (44 kg) and India
and Russia taking third and fourth place with 51 and 56 kg, respectively.
According to FSI 2018 report, the maximum food waste is generated in North
America followed by East Asia and Pacific region, whereas it is the minimum in
Middle east and North Africa (MENA). In another report by the Natural Resources
Defense Council, Inc, 40% of the food goes uneaten in the United States, whereas
in Asia, India and China lose 1.3 billion tons of food to wastage every year
(Business Economics).

19.2.1 Food waste—source and types

Food waste is increasing at an alarming rate whether it is from industries or household.
Food waste at global level attracts concern which is to be mitigated. Different types of
waste and their origin are discussed in Table 19.1 (Holley and Kobald, 1990).

19.2.1.1 Fruit and vegetable wastes
Fruits and vegetables have an essential role in our diet; therefore, the demand for
such essential food commodities has increased significantly because of the growing
world population and the changing dietary habits. The global production capacity
of different types of fruit and vegetables is discussed in Table 19.2 (Sagar et al.,
2018).

Table 19.1 Types and sources of food waste.

Types of waste Origins of waste
Waste generated from the processing, Slaughterhouse, butcher shops, fish-
preparation, and rendering of meat, processing plants, tallow-processing
fish, and other foodstuffs originating plants, egg-processing plants, etc.
from animals
Waste from sugar production Sugar-manufacturing companies
Waste from milk processing Dairies
Waste from the preparation and Fruit and vegetable processing plant, malt
processing of fruit, cocoa, grain, edible houses, starch manufacturers, grist and
oil, coffee vegetables, and tobacco, husting mill, manufacturers of coffee,
production of canned foods cocoa, tea, and tobacco-processing plants,
canned foods, etc.
Waste from seafood Marine industry
Waste from the production of Breweries, wineries, distilleries,
nonalcoholic and alcoholic beverages nonalcoholic beverage, and fruit juice
producers

Source: Adapted from Holley, W., Kobald, M., 1990. Emissionssituation in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie Teil I u.
II: Emission Situation in Food Industry Part I and II.