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center architecture is easier to parallel multiple converters to the DC bus. From the figure, we can
see that all energy sources are connected to the DC bus first. Then it is connected to the load through
the load inverter between the DC bus and the load in Figure 14.2b. Therefore, the reliability of the
inverter is critical to power transferring to the load. To enhance the reliability of bus-centered archi-
tecture, a redundant inverter is added to the load inverter in DC bus center architecture as shown in
Figure 14.2c. In this way, the reliability of the power system is increased.
14.2.2 Multiple-Star Architecture
The multiple-star architecture is composed of more than one centered topologies. The centered
topology may be a source-centered topology or bus-centered topology. A two-star architecture is
shown in Figure 14.3. The architecture contains a load-centered topology and bus-centered topology.
Gas engine
Grid Load
Li-ion battery
PV panel
Fuel cell
H 2
O 2
(a)
Grid Load
Li-ion battery
PV panel
Fuel cell
H 2
O 2
Gas engine
(b)
FIGURE 14.3 Multiple-star architectures for Super UPS. (a) Multiple-star architecture I. (b) Multiple-star
architecture II.
