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16 Reservoir Formation Damage
SILICON -OXY6EN
TETRAHEDRA
SHEET
O) «<OH)
GIBBSITE
SHEET v x
6® DO© .
SILICON-OXYGEN
TETRAHEDRA
SHEET
b-AXIS
KAOLINITE (OH), Al, SI 4 0 IO
Figure 2-3. Schematic description of the crystal structure of kaolinite
(after Gruner-Grim, 1942, and Hughes, 1951; reprinted courtesy of the Ameri-
can Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20005, Hughes,
R. V., "The Application of Modern Clay Concepts to Oil Field Development,"
pp. 151-167, in Drilling and Production Practice 1950, American Petroleum
Institute, New York, NY, 1951, 344 p.).
SILICON - OXV8EN
TETRAHEDRA
SHEET
T i H 2O
9.6 - 21.4 A *
SILICON-OXYGEN
TETRAHEDRA
SHEET
GIBBSITE
SHEET
SILICON -OXYGEN
TETRAHEDRA
SHEET
MONTMORILLONITE (OH), Al, SI, O K • n H :0
Figure 2-4. Schematic description of the crystal structure of montmorillonite
(after Hoffman, Endell, and Wilm.-Grim, 1942, and Hughes, 1951; reprinted
courtesy of the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., NW, Washington,
DC 20005, Hughes, R. V., "The Application of Modern Clay Concepts to Oil
Field Development," pp. 151-167, in Drilling and Production Practice 1950,
American Petroleum Institute, New York, NY, 1951, 344 p.).
