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light sensors (sight) (Cont.):
                         photovoltaic, 67
                                                                 rotary solenoids, 46, 47
                                                                 servo motors, 48, 50-53, 50-53
                        lighter-than-air aircraft, 12, 270
                                                                 solenoids, 45-46, 46
                        light-seeking mobile solar-ball robots (see  movement and drive systems (Cont.):
                           solar-ball robots)                    stepper motors in, 47, 47-49, 49
                        lithium batteries, 30
                        living robots (see BEAM robotics)      N
                        locked cage story, 19                  Nafion, 39
                        Lunacorp, 272, 273                     nanobots (nanotech medical bots), 10-11,
                                                                   17, 18
                        M                                      nanotechnology, 10, 11
                        Machina Speculatrix robots, 167        National Aeronautics and Space
                        machine vision, 80-81                      Administration (NASA), 3-4, 7
                        maintenance robots, 9                  “nervous nets,” 165
                        manufacturing industries, robots in, 2  nervous networks, 165 (See also behavioral-
                        Mars, 3-7                                  based robotics)
                        Mars Pathfinder, 4-5, 5                Nestor Inc., 15
                        Massachusetts Institute of Technology  neural chips, 15-16
                           (MIT), 81, 260-261                  neural networks, 15, 20-22, 165
                        McKibben, J. L., 41                      capabilities of, 16
                        McKibben air muscles (see air muscles)   definition of, 20
                        McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles (see  (See also behavioral-based robotics)
                           air muscles)                        neural stimulus-response mechanism, 165
                        mechanical dolls, 1                        (See also behavioral-based robotics)
                        medical robots, 9-11                   neural systems, rule-based systems that
                        memory effect (NiCd batteries), 32         mimic, 101
           328          MicroBot Wars, 12                      neural-behavior-based architecture, 22
                        microcontrollers, 22, 101-126          Neuromedical Systems, Inc., 9
                         applications of, 120-126, 120-125     Ni1000 chips, 15-16
                         for mobile platforms, 222-223         NiCd batteries (see nickel-cadmium
                         parts list for, 139-140                   batteries)
                         PIC programming of, 102-119, 104, 106  nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, 31-32
                         for stepper motors, 229-232, 230, 231   battery chargers for, 33-38
                         for walker robots, 244-246              rechargeable, 30-32
                        microrovers, 4, 7                        voltage of, 29
                        MIT (see Massachusetts Institute of    nitinol wire, 43-45, 44-46
                           Technology)                         nonrigid aircraft, 270
                        mobile platforms, 213-232
                         drive wheel/motor shaft connection for,  O
                             222, 222, 223                     Office of Space Access and Technology
                         microcontroller for, 222-223              (OSAT), 4
                         stepper motors for, 214-232, 217, 218, 224
                         troubleshooting, 228-229              P
                         UCN-5804 integrated circuit, 219-222  Papnet, 9-10
                        moon rovers, 272, 273                  Pathfinder, 4-5, 5
                        motors:                                Pavlov, Ivan, 166
                         DC, 54-58, 54-58                      PCB (see printed circuit board)
                         high-efficiency, 24-26                PEM (see proton exchange membrane)
                        movement and drive systems, 41-58      penguins, 261
                         air muscles, 41-43                    personal robots, 2-3
                         DC motors, 54-58, 54-58               photoresistive light switch, 64
                         nitinol wire, 43-45, 44-46            photovoltaic cells, 23-28


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