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light sensors (sight) (Cont.):
photovoltaic, 67
rotary solenoids, 46, 47
servo motors, 48, 50-53, 50-53
lighter-than-air aircraft, 12, 270
solenoids, 45-46, 46
light-seeking mobile solar-ball robots (see movement and drive systems (Cont.):
solar-ball robots) stepper motors in, 47, 47-49, 49
lithium batteries, 30
living robots (see BEAM robotics) N
locked cage story, 19 Nafion, 39
Lunacorp, 272, 273 nanobots (nanotech medical bots), 10-11,
17, 18
M nanotechnology, 10, 11
Machina Speculatrix robots, 167 National Aeronautics and Space
machine vision, 80-81 Administration (NASA), 3-4, 7
maintenance robots, 9 “nervous nets,” 165
manufacturing industries, robots in, 2 nervous networks, 165 (See also behavioral-
Mars, 3-7 based robotics)
Mars Pathfinder, 4-5, 5 Nestor Inc., 15
Massachusetts Institute of Technology neural chips, 15-16
(MIT), 81, 260-261 neural networks, 15, 20-22, 165
McKibben, J. L., 41 capabilities of, 16
McKibben air muscles (see air muscles) definition of, 20
McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles (see (See also behavioral-based robotics)
air muscles) neural stimulus-response mechanism, 165
mechanical dolls, 1 (See also behavioral-based robotics)
medical robots, 9-11 neural systems, rule-based systems that
memory effect (NiCd batteries), 32 mimic, 101
328 MicroBot Wars, 12 neural-behavior-based architecture, 22
microcontrollers, 22, 101-126 Neuromedical Systems, Inc., 9
applications of, 120-126, 120-125 Ni1000 chips, 15-16
for mobile platforms, 222-223 NiCd batteries (see nickel-cadmium
parts list for, 139-140 batteries)
PIC programming of, 102-119, 104, 106 nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, 31-32
for stepper motors, 229-232, 230, 231 battery chargers for, 33-38
for walker robots, 244-246 rechargeable, 30-32
microrovers, 4, 7 voltage of, 29
MIT (see Massachusetts Institute of nitinol wire, 43-45, 44-46
Technology) nonrigid aircraft, 270
mobile platforms, 213-232
drive wheel/motor shaft connection for, O
222, 222, 223 Office of Space Access and Technology
microcontroller for, 222-223 (OSAT), 4
stepper motors for, 214-232, 217, 218, 224
troubleshooting, 228-229 P
UCN-5804 integrated circuit, 219-222 Papnet, 9-10
moon rovers, 272, 273 Pathfinder, 4-5, 5
motors: Pavlov, Ivan, 166
DC, 54-58, 54-58 PCB (see printed circuit board)
high-efficiency, 24-26 PEM (see proton exchange membrane)
movement and drive systems, 41-58 penguins, 261
air muscles, 41-43 personal robots, 2-3
DC motors, 54-58, 54-58 photoresistive light switch, 64
nitinol wire, 43-45, 44-46 photovoltaic cells, 23-28
Index Team LRN