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5.6.4 Summary 192
5.7 Summary of the chapter 193

chapter 6
Re-interpreting silence in intercultural communication 197
6.1 Introduction 197
6.2 What is ‘silence’? 197
6.3 The roles of factors affecting silence at different levels
of social organisation 199
6.3.1 Individual level 199
6.3.2 Situational level 200
6.3.3 Sociocultural level 202
6.4 Rethinking ‘the silent East’: Perceptions and performance 203
6.4.1 Perceptions, performance and the role of context 203
6.4.2 Implications for improved intercultural communication 206
6.4.3 Implications for research into silence
in intercultural communication 207

References 209
appendix 1
Questions for interviews with 19 Japanese students
(translated from Japanese) 221
appendix 2
Biographical information of Japanese participants in the interview 223
appendix 3
Lecturer questionnaire 225
appendix 4
Biographical information of the three Japanese participants
in the case studies 227
appendix 5
Video coding sheets 229
appendix 6
International Second Language Proficiency Ratings (ISLPR) levels 233

Author index 235
Subject index 237