Page 81 - Soil and water contamination, 2nd edition

68 Soil and Water Contamination

• Brutsaert, W., 2005, Hydrology, An Introduction, (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press).
• Hendriks, M.R., 2010, Physical Hydrology, (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Limnology
• Cole, G.A., 1994, Textbook of Limnology, 4th edition, (Long Grove IL: Waveland Press).
• Kalff, J., 2002, Limnology, (Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall).

EXERCISES

1. Explain why the hydrological cycle is considered to be the most important force driving
the transfer of substances between the environmental compartments.

2. Name the most important sources of diffuse soil contamination. How can these sources
also contribute to groundwater and surface water contamination?

3. A soil consists of 30 percent clay, 60 percent sand, and 10 percent silt. What is the
texture class according to the system of the US Department of Agriculture?

4. Define the following groundwater-related terms:
a. groundwater recharge
b. hydraulic head
c. aquifer
d. aquitard

5. Explain why the hyporheic zone is important for surface water quality.
6. Describe the evolution of the hypolimnion throughout the seasons.

7. Describe the three steps in wastewater treatment.

8. Name four chemical controls on water composition and indicate the environmental
compartment where they have most effect.

9. Name at least three relevant differences and similarities between soil water, groundwater,
and surface water.

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