Page 164 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

Sustainable Towns Chapter j 7 141

Wind Power
Finally, the project includes enough wind turbines to cover the rest of the
electricity supply, i.e., a total of around 40 MW, of which already more than
half will be implemented by the year 2009.

ENERGY SYSTEM ANALYSIS

By the use of the EnergyPLAN model, a series of detailed energy system
analyses of the expected year 2015 system have been conducted to identify the
hourly balances of heat supply and exchange of electricity.
The EnergyPLAN model is a deterministic input/output model. General
inputs are demands, renewable energy sources, energy station capacities, costs,
and a number of optional different regulation strategies emphasizing import/
export and excess electricity production. Outputs are energy balances and
resulting annual productions, fuel consumption, import/exports of electricity,
and total costs including income from the exchange of electricity. See the
figure on the following page.
The model can be used to calculate the consequences of operating a
given energysysteminsuchway that it meetsthe setofenergydemands
of a given year. Different operation strategies can be analyzed. Basically,
the model distinguishes between technical regulation, i.e., identifying
the least fuel-consuming solution, and market economic regulation, i.e.,
identifying the consequences of operating each station on an electricity
market with the aim of optimizing the business economic profit. In both
situations, most technologies can be actively involved in the regulation.
And in both situations, the total costs of the systems can be calculated.
The model includes a large number of traditional technologies, such as
power stations, CHPs, and boilers, as well as energy conversion and tech-
nologies used in renewable energy systems, such as heat pumps, electrolyzers,
and heat, electricity, and hydrogen storage technologies including compressed
air energy storage. The model can also include a number of alternative vehi-
cles, for instance, sophisticated technologies such as V2G (vehicle to grid), in
which vehicles supply electricity to the electric grid. Moreover, the model
includes various renewable energy sources, such as solar thermal and photo-
voltaic, wind, wave, and hydropower.