Page 285 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

Chapter 14

The European Union: Nordic

Countries and Germany

Tor Zipkin
Aalborg University, Denmark

Chapter Outline
Germany 259 Va ¨xjo ¨ 270
Bottrop 259 Hammarby Sjo ¨stad (Hammarby
A Blueprint for Success 260 Lake City) 271
Denmark 264 Malmo ¨ 274
Ærø 265 Rotterdam 275
Samsø 265 Discussion 276
Bornholm 268 References 277
Sweden 269

GERMANY

Germany has a variety of goals to reduce the amount of its greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions in the future by transforming its energy system and usage,
dubbed the Energiewende. Goals include phasing out of nuclear energy,
reducing GHG by 90% from 1990 levels by 2050, and supplying 60% of
renewable energy by 2050. The country has utilized a variety of methods large
and small, from expanding the electrical grid to installing heat pumps, with
creative and innovative solutions continuously developed. Cities such as
Freiburg and Bottrop have furthermore proved themselves as examples how to
go green through reducing energy demand and utilizing renewables.

Bottrop
Bottrop, Germany, is a city of approximately 117,00 people located in the
“Ruhr industrial area” or “Ruhr region,” Germany’s largest urban agglomer-
ation comprising multiple cities and a population of over 8 million people in
total. Historically Bottrop was defined by a strong coal industry plus other

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