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264 Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

FIGURE 14.3 The different advisory boards and management representatives that has allowed
for Bottrop’s success (ICLEI, 2016).

l An industry advisory board (as mentioned earlier) consisting of companies
in partnership with ICM with approximately 70 representatives
l A science advisory board chaired by the Wuppertal Institute for Environ-
ment, Energy, and Climate consisting of 25 members from various research
centers (Fig. 14.3)
Involvement with local citizens has also contributed to the success of
Bottrop. Through ICM residents and businesses are offered energy efficiency
consulting services by the Centre of Information and Advice (Zentrum fu ¨r
Information und Beratung e ZIB) through individual building analysis. This
has in turn led to almost 8% of all buildings in the target area being refur-
bished, compared with the national 1%. District management committees were
created for each of Bottrop’s seven districts within the pilot area. These
committees are meant to ensure the public continues its part in Bottrop’s
transition and are included in the decision-making process. These committees
that are made up of those within the communities they serve ensure that the
Bottrop projects are not implemented on a purely top-down level and provide
input as to how projects will affect their areas on the technical, social, and
economic levels (ICLEI, 2014; InnovationCity Ruhr, 2017).

DENMARK
Denmark is a country with over 70 inhabited islands ranging in population
from below 100 people to over 2 million (Zealand), with the goal to generate
50% of total electricity production via wind power by 2020 and to stop using
fossil fuels by 2050. Owing to their close proximity with good wind resources