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268 Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

FIGURE 14.7 Ownership structure for the Smasø wind turbines (Zipkin et al., 2015).

the public over the course of 6 months. Residents had the opportunity to
purchase shares in packages of 1 share, 10 shares, or 30 shares, again with
local banks providing loans with the shares serving as collateral (Fig. 14.7).

Bornholm
Bornholm is the easternmost Danish island positioned closer to Sweden than to
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Denmark. It is 588 km and has a population of 39,664, giving it a significantly
larger energy demand than the islands mentioned earlier. The island is
currently connected to Sweden via a 60-kV 70-MW undersea power cable,
with a peak load electricity demand around 55 MW. The island hopes to
become reliant on 100% renewable energy, with 36-MW wind turbines already
supplying between 30% and 40% of its yearly electricity demand and at many
times throughout the year wind power supplying more than the electricity
demand (Madsen et al., 2012; EcoGrid EU, 2015)(Fig. 14.8).
Bornholm’s singular connection to a larger grid system, desire to further
rely on intermittent renewable energy in the future makes, and representation
of Denmark on a smaller scale, made it a good choice to study and develop an
advanced smart grid, formally named the EcoGrid EU. EcoGrid EU is
Europe’s largest smart grid project and is funded by the European Union. As
part of the project, 1900 houses and 18 industrial/commercial electricity users