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The European Union: Nordic Countries and Germany Chapter j 14 273

As of 2013, 26,000 people live in the district in the 11,000 apartments
located there; construction completion is projected for 2017 with the ability to
accommodate up to 35,000 residents. The district implemented a variety of
transportation measures to reduce GHG emission, including a light rail system
that accounts for one-third of all travel within the district (of which every
residence is within 300 m of a stop), a free ferry service, a carpooling service
utilizing electric vehicles (18% of households having signed up by 2010), and
an extensive bike and walking path network. Based on a 2007 survey, the goal
for 80% of transportation in the city to be based on public transportation was
nearly reached, with 79% of all transportation being nonprivate (Jernberg
et al., 2015). Hundred percent of the houses in the district are heated through a
district heating network supplied by the nearby waste incinerating Ho ¨gdalen
CHP plant and heat pumps using treated wastewater at the Hammarby thermal
power plant. Most of the heat and electricity used comes from the burning of
the waste generated in the district at the CHP plant. Furthermore, the sludge
from the district’s wastewater treatment process is converted into enough
biogas to supply the district with its gas demand. Although there were no green
building goals, the average energy usage for the districts buildings is
2
118 kWh/m , lower than Stockholm’s average. One building in particular that
garners attention is the GlashusEtt, which serves as an environmental infor-
mation center displaying sustainable infrastructure and building techniques
resulting in an energy consumption 50% less than similar glass buildings. Such
features include smart monitoring system, PV cells, hydrogen fuel cell, and
heat pumps (Jernberg et al., 2015)(Fig. 14.12).
The district has been viewed as a success, yet criticism has been voiced that
most of the waste generated comes from outside the district, for example, food
waste comes from food throughout the world, counterintuitive to the “close the
loop” idea. Also noted is that despite as originally envisioned, PV, solar col-
lectors, and wind turbines on a large scale were never developed, with only a
few houses having solar collectors or solar PV cells (Iveroth et al., 2013).

FIGURE 14.12 Glasshuset (Stockholm Stad).