Page 30 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

Introduction Chapter j 1 7

Chapter 8 on Legal Contracts, Lease and Power Purchase Finance by
Douglas Yeoman explores the PPA and also some of the newer models. The
legal section, however, also covers the need for construction contracts, lia-
bilities, warrantees, and insurance. What is important is to know that such
legal documents can be templates and models for other programs, buildings,
and clusters.
Chapters 10 and 11 then get into the actual cases or examples of how the
GIR works. Some of the information that had used the same database for
the technical and financial optimization for the same colleges is rooted in
Chapter 4.
Chapter 11 then looks into sustainability as to how economics needs to
combine with public policy known as “civic capitalism.” In the end, however,
it is important to identify and find communities that have been sustainable and
represent what the GIR is about. Denmark (where I was a Fulbright Fellow in
1994 and then a visiting professor the next 6 years) has been a leader in this
regard in terms of national policies, financing, and operational programs
(Clark, 2009a,b; Clark and Lund, 2007, 2008). Lund in particular has been
tracking renewable energy, especially the wind manufacturing industry that
went global in Denmark through a merger of several Danish wind turbine
companies (Lund and Clark, 2002); Vestas is today the largest, most dominant
wind turbine manufacturing company in the world.
Hence Chapter 12 concludes on climate preservation from the bottom-up
community approach: a case in Denmark by Lund and Poul Alberg Øster-
gaard (academic practitioners from Aalborg University in Denmark) looks at
Frederikshavn, a small city in the northern Jutland region of Denmark. This
city is a main transportation and shipping hub for northern Demark with
western Sweden and southern Norway. Because of that, the city is aware and
very aggressive in becoming sustainable due to the environmental needs but
also the control over energy and fuels from the 2IR.
There are appendices in the book that are well worth using as references.
One appendix presents the California Standard Practices Manuel (CSPM) of
which I was a coauthor while working in state government. Basically, it is an
economic model for doing life cycle analysis on projects. There are guidelines
and formulas. The CSPM was published in 2002 but was originally created in
the mid-1980s for doing cost analyses on projects for the CPUC. However, it
was not revised until 2002. The CSPM is now used extensively in California
government project finance. It remains the guiding model for doing economic
data projections, analyses, and evaluative outcomes.
Another appendix on the use of an Optimization Energy Plan for Los
Angeles Community College Campuses is even more useful in that it provides
a working model on how to understand, apply, and analyze technologies for
use in applied areas like college campuses. The same optimization code can be
used for other nonprofit organizations as well as government. And with some