Page 521 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

490 Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

creation, increasing farmer’s revenue, improving farm productivity, enhancing
nutrition, and reducing food waste. Agriculture employs 70% of the Nigerian
population, although it only amounts to 22% of the total GDP, indicating
potential for productivity gains. Additionally, lack of adequate storage infra-
structure and market information leads to harvest loss of 50%e70%, whereas
the World Bank estimates that climate change could reduce harvest outputs by
an additional 30%. All these factors have led to the declaration of state of
emergency in Kaduna due to tomato shortages and price spikes. The Food
Africa project is meant to provide an integrated approach to food supply chain
management through introduction of sustainable practices. One of the key
pieces of the pilot program is an agroprocessing facility that will help elimi-
nate food loss due to inadequate infrastructure as well as provide training on
food safety, business planning, and product diversification. Eventually the
facility and its programs will be maintained and managed by the local farmers.
The Kaduna State Government will provide the land for the facility, as well as
farmland and personnel, and work with local stakeholders on the improve-
ments of necessary infrastructure such as roads. The UN will provide expertise
pertaining to food production, labor and employment, international trade, and
use of an early warning geographical information system. The Sahara Group
will provide financing as well as oversight into the facility’s viability and
business operations. Last, the master chefs will showcase how local food
production can be cultivated for new markets and consumers, as well as food
preparation and cooking skills to help combat malnutrition. The pilot project is
expected to directly improve the welfare of 5000 men and women in Kaduna
by way of increased income, new job prospects, and valuable food industry
skills, and the project will indirectly benefit around 500,000 local citizens (UN
Food Africa, 2016).

Kenya
2
Located in East Africa, Kenya occupies an area 580,367 km , a little more than
twice the size of Nevada. The country has a population of around 46 million
people, significantly less than both Egypt and Nigeria, and the population is
growing around 1.8% annually. Similarly to Nigeria, agriculture employs the
majority of the labor force, 75%. However, unemployment is significantly
higher at 40% and about 43% of the population of Kenya lives below the
poverty line. The Kenyan economy remains dominated by the service sector
(49% of GDP) and the agriculture sector (33% of GDP) (CIA, 2017c).
Health care and sanitation remain significant challenges in Kenya. Kenya is
considered to be at a high risk for infectious diseases and is ranked among the
top 10 countries for the number or people living with HIV/AIDS and annual
deaths from HIV/AIDS. The CIA estimates 1 physician for every 5000 people
and 1.4 hospital beds available for every 1000 people. Only 30% of the
population both urban and rural has access to improved sanitation. However,