Page 63 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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Sustainable Industrial Design and Waste Management
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Therefore, the third objective of this research work was to determine
the optimum preserving conditions needed for permeate whey. The research
work revealed that:

• Permeate whey from ultra-filtration does not need any further
pasteurization.
• For permeate whey from hard cheese, formaldehyde (0.01%) and
hydrogen peroxide (0.02%) were the most effective and economical
preservatives that could be applied.

From the above theoretical findings we could conclude that whey has higher
nutritional value than molasses and it is safe to use under certain conditions.
However, this should be verified on the laboratory scale phase before imple-
menting it on the pilot scale.

Pilot phase
The pilot feasibility experiment should be conducted based on detailed and
structured plans and terms of reference by experts in order to ensure accurate
and unbiased results. This phase involves numerous expenses and therefore
funding agency and funding agreement should be secured.
The plan should state clearly the objective and the expected outcome
of the pilot project. The selection of the place to conduct the pilot project should
be based on criteria that match the objectives and outcomes of the pilot proj-
ect. When working in Egypt, it is always recommended to choose places that
operate under high professional standards because this would help eliminate
any errors due to carelessness, or other problems that could affect the results
of the experiment.
For this case study, the Animal Wealth Farm located 10 km from the
factory was chosen from seven farms, based on its location, size, facilities and
management proficiency. This farm follows a controlled breeding and diet sys-
tem. The experiment was conducted on sheep with a total duration of eight
weeks. The objectives of the experiment were to:

• Verify the safety of using the whey as food for animals.
• Assess the value of the whey in terms of growth rate and weight gain.
• Demonstrate to the farmers the potential benefits of using the whey
as a substitute for water and molasses.
• Assess the feasibility of the process.

The experiment was conducted on six pen trials of five sheep aged between
8 and 10 months and weighing 37 to 39 kg. One pen was used as a control
feeding only on water and the other five on diets as shown in Table 2.14.