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length and as the fourth power of the tube radius. It follows that the tube should be as short as possible
and have the minimum radius. In practice the minimum radius of the tubular conduit is constrained to
about 0.0025 in. (0.0635 cm) to avoid the tube becoming blocked. The dispersion in the tube can be
significantly reduced by bending or crimping the tube and low dispersion conduits can be constructed
from coiled or serpentine shaped tubing. Wherever possible, connecting conduits should be made from
low dispersion tubing, or the conduits must be kept short and have the minimum radius.

References

1. M. J. E. Golay, Gas Chromatography. 1958, (ed. D. H. Desty) Butterworths, London (1958)36.

3. R. P. W. Scott, Liquid Chromatography Column Theory, John Wiley, Chichester (1992)130.

2. K. Ogan and R. P. W. Scott, J. High Res. Chromatogr., 7(1984)382.

4. A. Klinkenberg, Gas Chromatography 1960, R.P.W. Scott (Ed. ), Butterworths, London(1960)194.

5. J.J. Van Deemter, F.J. Zuiderwg and A. Klinkenberg, Chem.Eng Sci.,5(1956)271

6. I. Halasz, H. O. Gerlach, K. F. Gutlich and P. Walking, U.S. Patent, 3,820,660, (1974).

7. K. Hofmann and I. Halasz, J. Chromatogr., 173(1979)211.

8. K. Hofmann and I. Halasz, J. Chromatogr., 199(1980)3.

9. R. Tijssen, Separ. Sci. Technol., 13(1978)681.

10. E. D. Katz and R. P. W. Scott, J. Chromatogr., 268(1983)169.