Page 6 - The engineering of chemical reactions

vi Contents

Variable Density 47
Chemical Reactors 57
Thermodynamics and Reactors 53
Adiabatic Reactor Temperature 53
Chemical Equilibrium 57
Petroleum Refining 60
Polyester from Refinery Products and Natural Gas 68
“What Should I Do When I Don’t Have Reaction Rates?” 73
Reaction-Rate Data 74 ’
S u m m a r y 8 0
3 SINGLE REACTIONS IN CONTINUOUS ISOTHERMAL REACTORS 86

Continuous Reactors 86
The Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor 86
Conversion in a Constant-Density CSTR 89
The Plug-Flow Tubular Reactor 92
Conversion in a Constant-Density PFTR 94
Comparison between Batch, CSTR, and PFTR 97
The l/r Plot 99
Semibatch Reactors 7 0 0
Variable-Density Reactors 707
Space Velocity and Space Time 7 0 7
Chemical Reactors in Series 109
Autocatalytic Reactions 712
Reversible Reactions 715
Transients in Continuous Reactors 776
Some Important Single-Reaction Processes: Alkane Activation 719
Synthesis Gas Reactions 779
Staged Reactors 726
The Major Chemical Companies 1 2 7
Reactor Design for a Single Reaction 134
Notation 134

4 MULTIPLE REACTIONS IN CONTINUOUS REACTORS 146

The Petrochemical industry 146
Olefins 749
Mass Balances 151
Conversion, Selectivity, and Yield 752
Complex Reaction Networks 1 5 6
Series Reactions 7 5 7
Parallel Reactions 7 6 8
Multiple Reactions with Variable Density 776
Real Reaction Systems and Modeling 1 8 0
Approximate Rate Expressions for Multiple-Reaction Systems 187