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                       of a state estimate in the presence of accurate measurement information. However, batch estimation
                       techniques such as least-squares estimation may be more appropriate in applications where the dynamic
                       process is modeled to a high degree of fidelity, measurements are not uniformly accurate, and real-time
                       operation is not an issue. A number of quality texts [10–12] have been written on the subject of stochastic
                       estimation in general and specifically Kalman filtering that the the reader is encouraged to pursue for
                       more detailed information.


                       References
                        1.  Kalman, R. E., “A new approach to linear  filtering and prediction problems,” Transactions of the
                          ASME, Ser. D, Journal of Basic Equations, March 1960, pp. 35–45.
                        2.  Burkhart, P. and Bishop, R., “Adaptive orbit determination for interplanetary spacecraft,” Journal of
                          Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1997, pp. 693–701.
                       3.  Chaer, W., Bishop, R., and Ghosh, J., “Hierarchical adaptive Kalman  filtering for interplanetary
                          orbit determination,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1998,
                          pp. 1–14.
                        4.  Crain, T. and Bishop, R., “The mixture-of-experts gating network: integration into the  ARTSN
                          extended Kalman filter,” Technical Memorandum CSR-TM-99-01, Center for Space Research, March
                          1999.
                        5.  Ely, T., Bishop, R., and Crain, T., “Adaptive interplanetary navigation using genetic algorithms,” The
                          Journal of Astronautical Sciences, 2000, Accepted for Publication.
                        6.  Crain, T. and Bishop, R., “Unmodeled impulse detection and identification during Mars pathfinder
                          cruise,” Technical Memorandum CSR-TM-00-01, Center for Space Research, March 2000.
                        7.  Chaer,  W. and Bishop, R., “Adaptive Kalman  filtering with genetic algorithms,”  Advances in the
                          Astronautical Sciences, edited by R. Proulx, J. Liu, P. Siedelmann, and S. Alfano, Vol. 89, Univelt, San
                          Diego, CA, 1995, pp. 141–156, Pt. 1.
                        8.  Gholson, N. and Moose, R., “Maneuvering target tracking using adaptive state estimation,” IEEE
                          Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 13, No. 3, May 1997, pp. 310–317.
                        9. Bierman, G., Factorization Methods for Discrete Sequential Estimation, Academic Press, 1977.
                       10.  Brown, R. G. and Huang, P. Y. C., Introduction to Random Signals and Applied Kalman Filtering, John
                          Wiley and Sons, 1992.
                       11. Lewis, F., Applied Optimal Control and Estimation, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Clifis, NJ, 1992.
                       12. Gelb, A., Applied Optimal Estimation, The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1974.





























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