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10
9
8
7
6
θ + 5
4
3
2
1
0
−1 0 1 2 3
10 10 10 10 10
y +
Fig. 6.1.2.9 Mean temperature profiles for the turbulent channel flow at Re τ ¼ 2000: LES Pr ¼
0.01 (solid), LES Pr ¼ 0.025 (thick dash). The theoretical near-wall molecular behavior,
+
+
θ ¼ Pr y , is also displayed for Pr ¼ 0.01 (thin dash) and 0.025 (thin dash-dot).
(From Duponcheel, M., Bricteux, L., Manconi, M., Winckelmans, G., Bartosiewicz, Y., 2014.
Assessment of RANS and improved near-wall modeling for forced convection at low Prandtl
numbers based on LES up to Re τ ¼ 2000. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 75 (2), 470–482.)
1.2
1
¯ q +
0.8
q + 0.6 ¯ q +
M
0.4
0.2 ¯ q t +
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000
y +
Fig. 6.1.2.10 Heat flux decomposition for the turbulent channel flow at Pr ¼ 0.01 and Re τ ¼
0 +
1
+
+
+
+
0
2000. Molecular heat flux q ¼ Pr dθ =dy , turbulent heat flux q ¼ v θ , and total heat
M t
+
+
+
flux q ¼ q + q (solid thick).
t
M
(From Duponcheel, M., Bricteux, L., Manconi, M., Winckelmans, G., Bartosiewicz, Y., 2014.
Assessment of RANS and improved near-wall modeling for forced convection at low Prandtl
numbers based on LES up to Re τ ¼ 2000. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 75 (2), 470–482.)