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                                      Time Management
                               50
                               deal to do with its economic success—and with the ways in
                               which Deming’s system was implemented. Still, TQM has much
                               to offer. Indeed, the U.S. military and several American compa-
                               nies, seeking to compete with Asian entrepreneurs, made a vir-
                               tual religion of it.
                                   Though TQM has fallen somewhat out of favor, certain
                               processes it popularized are still quite worthwhile. Of all the
                               TQM procedures, none is more relevant to time management
                               than flowcharting. TQM proponents tackle each project by visu-
                                                                   alizing its flow. Absolutely
                                         Flowchart A diagram that  every step is plotted, often
                                         displays the step-by-step  using the symbols or icons
                                        progression through a pro-  in Figure 4-2.
                                cedure or system, frequently using     Figure 4-3 shows an
                                lines connecting the steps to indicate  example of an abridged
                                direction or flow.
                                                                   flowchart.

                                                      An operation: Something is performed or
                                                      produced.



                                                      A test of decision: Something is judged; the
                                                      answer, often yes or no, results in decisions.


                                                      A document: Something is put down on
                                                      paper, on a disk, or so on.



                                                      A line connector:  The flowchart runs out of
                                                      space and connects with a circle on the next line.


                                                      An end or start:  The flowchart begins here or
                                                      ends here.


                                                      A direction:  The process flows in this direction.
                               Figure 4-2. Flowchart icons
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