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Coatings and Linings for Potable W ater Pipe Distributions     97

              •  Types and locations of appurtenances such as valves, fittings,
                 and fire hydrants
              •  Number and type of service connections
              •  Length of time the pipe can be out of service or bypass
                 requirements
              •  Site- and project-specific factors (surface and subsurface
                 conditions)
              •  Overall cost of the renewal method (material and installation)


     3.4  Installation Phases of Coatings and Linings
          The successful installation of coatings and linings depends on many
          factors such as transportation of lining material from shop to the
          project site, ambient temperatures at the site, and cleanliness of the
          internal surface of the existing pipe as well as existing pipe condi-
          tions, geometry, alignment, and defects. Among these parameters,
          the most important factor is the proper installation technique as
          shown in Fig. 3.3. Figure 3.3 illustrates the various steps and sequences
          for successful coating and lining installations. Further details on
          these steps are provided in the following sections.

                             Coatings & linings
                               process


      Phases
                I          II         III          IV
                         Preparatory
     Divisions  Planning             Lining      Closeout
                          work
               Site      Entry access  Conditioning of  Reconnections
             preparation  point preparation  lining  & reinstatement
                                                 of service
              Condition  Cleaning &  Installation
             assessment  inspection  of lining   Backfilling
              Material             Coupon/sample  Surface
              selection             collections  restoration
     Activities
             Equipment               Curing     Site cleaning
             readiness
                                    Post-lining   Waste
              Potholing
                                    inspection   disposal
                                                             Testing
              Traffic                             Quality
              diversion             Disinfection  control
                                                            Sampling
                                                 Delivery &
                                    Flushing
                                                documentation
     FIGURE 3.3  Steps and sequences for coatings and linings. (Source: 3M Water
     Infrastructure.)
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