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238    Europe



               zone  to  halt  and  reverse  development  in   fieldwork was conducted at the site of the Gran
               increasingly hazardous locations.           Cono. Access to the site is via a narrow and poorly
                  However, particularly in the early years after   signposted  road,  that  winds  its  way  up  through
               its creation, the national park authorities discovered   Ercolano municipality to a point around 1000m
               that the touristic activities in and around Vesuvius   above sea level. At this location the track widens
               were  taken  out  of  their  control  and  managed   out  to  a  car  park  where  cars,  coaches  and  taxis
               entirely by one company, in some way linked to   stop.  After  paying  at  the  entrance  gate  visitors
               the agricultural ministry. For an annual contract   carry on by foot up a broad newly resurfaced path.
               thought to be around 15,000 euros, this company   No  public  transport  goes  up  to  this  area  and
               was  allowed  to  collect  all  takings  (personal   coaches  tend  to  bring  their  own  guides  linked
               communications  with  Vesuvius  National  Park,   with the respective tours. Thus, very little contact
               2008). Entrance fees just to the Gran Cono are   and  no  commercial  advantage  is  gained  by  the
               currently  6.5  euros  for  adults  and  4.5  euros  for   local community from the tourists passing through.
               under  18s  and  students  (personal  observation).   From  personal  observations  made  during
               With  over  a  million  visitors  annually  passing   excursions  in  2008  and  2009  around  the  Gran
               through this entry point, this adds up to a very   Cono,  the  input  by  the  management  company
               substantial profit for the management company.   back  into  infrastructure  around Vesuvius  is  also
                                                           limited.  Interpretation  of  the  volcano  and
               Perspectives on the current                 information  concerning  the  geo-hazards  plus
               state of tourism around                     details of the emergency plan were more or less
               Vesuvius                                    non-existent. All  that  could be seen was  a basic
                                                           map  showing  the  route  of  the  path  up  to  the
               In  order  to  view  directly  how  the  volcano  was   crater  rim;  portable  toilet  units  at  the  entrance
               being presented under this management scheme,   gate;  a  café/souvenir  shop  at  the  entrance  gate;



































                   Figure 16.2  ‘Volcanological’ guides offering tour guide services near Vesuvius crater rim







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