Page 27 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CAT3525_C00.qxd 2/17/2005 1:03 PM Page xxvi

20.4.9 Incineration of Medical Waste ............................................................................588
20.4.10 Regulatory Requirements for Medical Waste Incinerators .................................588
20.4.11 Siting Requirements ............................................................................................588
20.4.12 Operator Training and Qualification Requirements............................................588
20.5 Facility Operations..............................................................................................................589
20.5.1 Waste Management Plan .......................................................................................589
20.5.2 Compliance and Performance Testing...................................................................589
20.5.3 Emission Limits.....................................................................................................590
20.5.4 Monitoring Requirements......................................................................................590
20.5.5 Documentation ......................................................................................................590
20.5.6 Reporting and Record Keeping.............................................................................591
20.6 Types of Medical Waste Incinerators..................................................................................593
20.6.1 Rotary Kiln............................................................................................................593
20.6.2 The Multiple-Chamber Incinerator .......................................................................594
20.6.3 Controlled-Air Incinerators ...................................................................................594
20.7 Modes of Incinerator Operation..........................................................................................595
20.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Incineration..................................................................597
20.9 Microbial Inactivation .........................................................................................................597
20.9.1 Autoclaving (Steam Sterilization).......................................................................598
20.9.2 Operational Issues ...............................................................................................599
20.9.3 Testing the Efficiency of Sterilization by Autoclaving .......................................600
20.9.4 Health Considerations with Autoclaving.............................................................601
20.9.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Autoclaving ..................................................601
20.9.6 Chemical Disinfection.........................................................................................601
20.9.7 Types of Disinfection Agents ..............................................................................602
20.9.8 Testing the Efficiency of Chemical Disinfection ................................................602
20.9.9 Operational Issues ...............................................................................................604
20.9.10 FIFRA Registration .............................................................................................605
20.9.11 Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Disinfection .................................605
20.9.12 Microwave Irradiation .........................................................................................605
References ......................................................................................................................................605
Suggested Reading.........................................................................................................................607
Questions........................................................................................................................................608

Chapter 21
Construction and Demolition Debris.............................................................................................609
21.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................609
21.2 Characteristics of C&D Debris ...........................................................................................609
21.3 Management of C&D Debris..............................................................................................613
21.4 Management of Selected C&D Waste Components ...........................................................613
21.4.1 Aggregate...............................................................................................................613
21.4.2 Drywall (Sheetrock, Gypsum)...............................................................................614
21.4.3 Wood Waste Recycling..........................................................................................616
21.4.4 Metals Recycling...................................................................................................616
21.4.5 Asphalt Shingles....................................................................................................616
21.4.6 Asbestos Shingles..................................................................................................617
21.5 Reduction of C & D Debris ................................................................................................617
21.6 Deconstruction ....................................................................................................................618
20.7 Hazardous Materials............................................................................................................619
References ......................................................................................................................................620