Page 25 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CAT3525_C00.qxd 2/17/2005 1:03 PM Page xxiv

17.3.4 Compatibility of Liners with Wastes...................................................................526
17.3.5 Leachate Management.........................................................................................527
17.3.6 Drainage Materials ..............................................................................................527
17.3.7 Leachate Removal Systems.................................................................................528
17.3.8 Closure of the Secure Landfill ............................................................................528
17.3.9 Geomembrane Caps ............................................................................................528
17.3.10 Surface Water Collection and Removal System..................................................529
17.3.11 Gas Control Layer ...............................................................................................530
17.3.12 Biotic Barrier.......................................................................................................530
17.3.13 Vegetative Layer..................................................................................................531
17.4 Deep Well Injection of Hazardous Wastes..........................................................................531
17.4.1 The Underground Injection Control Program.......................................................531
17.4.2 Well System Design ..............................................................................................532
17.4.3 The Classes of Injection Wells..............................................................................532
17.4.3.1 Deep Wells (Class I).............................................................................532
17.4.3.2 Oil and Gas Injection Wells (Class II) ................................................536
17.4.3.3 Mining Wells (Class III).......................................................................537
17.4.3.4 Shallow Hazardous and Radioactive Injection Wells (Class IV) .........537
17.4.3.5 Shallow Injection Wells (Class V) .......................................................537
17.4.4 Practical Considerations of Deep-Well Injection..................................................538
References ......................................................................................................................................539
Suggested Readings .......................................................................................................................540
Questions........................................................................................................................................541

Part IV
Special Categories of Waste.........................................................................................................543

Chapter 18
Universal Wastes ............................................................................................................................545
18.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................545
18.2 Universal Wastes Defined ...................................................................................................546
18.3 Categories of Universal Waste Handlers.............................................................................547
18.3.1 Large-Quantity Handlers of Universal Waste .......................................................547
18.3.2 Small-Quantity Handlers.......................................................................................547
18.4 Management of Universal Wastes.......................................................................................547
18.4.1 Universal Waste Batteries......................................................................................547
18.4.2 Lead Acid Battery Recycling ................................................................................548
18.4.3 Nickel–Cadmium Battery Recycling.....................................................................548
18.4.4 Universal Waste Pesticides....................................................................................550
18.4.5 Universal Waste Thermostats ................................................................................550
18.4.6 Universal Waste Lamps.........................................................................................551
18.5 Response to Releases ..........................................................................................................553
18.6 Tracking Universal Waste Shipments .................................................................................554
18.7 Small-Quantity Handlers of Universal Waste .....................................................................554
18.8 Universal Waste Transporters..............................................................................................554
18.9 Destination Facilities.........................................................................................................556
18.10 Responsibility of the States...............................................................................................556
References ......................................................................................................................................558
Further Readings and Web Sites ....................................................................................................558
Questions........................................................................................................................................559